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Zero article

2/1/2020

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Category: DETERMINERS
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When a noun is not preceded by a definite article (the) or indefinite article (a, an), we use zero article. 

THE USE OF NO ARTICLE
1) We use no article with proper names
EXAMPLES
  • Sarah is my cousin.
  • Where’s Grandpa Michael?

2) We use no article with uncountable nouns when we are referring in general
EXAMPLES
  • Water is an important resource.
  • Fiber is important for the health of the digestive system.
  • I love democracy.
  • I like listening to music.
  • She’s a vegetarian. She doesn’t eat meat.

3) We use no article with plural countable nouns when we are referring in general
EXAMPLES
  • ​Dogs are commonly referred to as “man's best friend”.
  • Rich people think and behave differently.

4) We use no article with the names of language

EXAMPLES
  • Chinese is not more difficult than other languages.
  • I’d like to speak French.

5) We use no article with the names of meals
EXAMPLES
  • What would you like for breakfast?
  • Lunch is ready!
  • I felt sleepy after dinner.

6) We use no article with the names of games or sport

EXAMPLE
  • Baseball is the king of sports in the Dominican Republic.

7) We use no article with the names of days, months, seasons, holidays and parts of the day
EXAMPLES
  • See you on Monday.
  • Many Americans celebrate Halloween on October 31.
  • I love summer.
  • On St. Patrick’s Day everybody wears green.
  • Are you coming over for Christmas?
  • Mother’s Day celebration in Mexico takes place on May 10.
  • The stars shine at night.
  • The sun had set, and dusk settled over the ocean.

There are some exceptions with the parts of the day: in the morning / afternoon / evening.

8) We use no article with the names of continents, countries, cities, towns, streets, single lakes and single mountains

EXAMPLES
  • Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent.
  • I live in Brazil.
  • My address is 1520 Green Street.
  • She lives near Lake Superior.
  • I've climbed Mount Everest.  

There are some exceptions: The US (The United States), The UK (The United Kingdom), The Philippines, The Netherlands, The Czech Republic,  etc.

9) We use no article with routine places

 EXAMPLES
  • I’m going to bed.
  • They went to school yesterday.
  • I'm at home right now.
  • I go to work every day by train.

10) We use no article with means of transport (in expression with by)
EXAMPLE
  • She usually goes to work by bus.

11) We use no article in exclamations with what + uncountable noun
EXAMPLE
  • What beautiful weather!

12) We use no article with academic subjects

EXAMPLES
  • He studied Law at university.
  • I like English.

13) We use no article with names of companies
EXAMPLES
  • Bill Gates founded Microsoft.
  • Facebook is a popular free social networking website.

14) We use no article with names of universities
EXAMPLE
  • Claire goes to Harvard.

15) We use no article with noun + number
EXAMPLE
  • Charles is staying at the Plaza hotel in room 511.

16) We use no article with year

EXAMPLE
  • 1998 was the best year in film history.
Worksheets
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The zero article 1
Answers: 1. 0 2. the 3. 0 4. 0 5. the 6. the 7. 0 8. 0 9. the 10. 0 11. 0 12. The 13. the 14. 0 15. 0
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The zero article 2
Answers: 1. the 2. 0 3. the 4. 0 5. 0 6. The 7. 0 8. 0 9. the 10. 0 11. 0 12. the 13. 0 14. 0 15. 0 16. 0
What to read next
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The articles: a, an & the
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The articles: a, an & the

1/28/2020

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Category: DETERMINERS
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An article is a word used to modify a noun, basically, it’s an adjective. English has two types of articles: the (definite article) and a/an (indefinite articles). They’re used very often  and are very important for using English accurately.
​

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Indefinite articles
A and an are indefinite articles used to refer to a singular countable noun. These articles are used to refer to any member of a group or class. The speaker doesn’t tell us exactly which one he or she is referring to.

Use a/an for naming a member of a group:
EXAMPLES
  • Mrs. Doudtfire is a nanny / Oscar works as an engineer (Jobs).
  • Diego Armando Maradona is an Argentine (Nationalities).
  • Barbara is a Jewish (Religions).
THE USE OF THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE “A”
 1) “A” is used before a consonant (b, c, d, etc.)
EXAMPLES
  • a car.
  • a dog.
  • a Friday.
  • a tiny nose.
  • a 15 year-old boy.
  • a year / week (time).
  • a kilo / mile (measurements). Also using “one” instead of “a” is correct.

2) “A” is used before a vowel but consonant sound 

EXAMPLES
  • a university. [juː]
  • a unit. [juː]
  • a European. [jʊ]
  • a one (1). [w]

3) “A” is used before a pronounced “h”

EXAMPLE
  • a horse.

THE USE OF THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE “AN”
 1) “An” is used before a vowel (a, e, i, etc.)
EXAMPLES
  • an orange.
  • an eye.
  • an alligator.

2) “An” is used before an unpronounced (mute) “h”
EXAMPLE
  • an hour [a].
  • an honest [ˈɑ] (N. Amer.) - [ˈɒ] (Brit.)
  • an honor [ˈɑ] (N. Amer.) - [ˈɒ] (Brit.)
  • an heir [ɛ] (N. Amer.) - [e] (Brit.)
  • an herb  [ɜ] (N. Amer.)

3) “An” is used before a consonant but vowel sound
EXAMPLES
  • an “F”. [ε]
  • an MBA. [ε]

Definite article
The is a definite article used to refer to something specific (singular or plural nouns). The speaker talks about a particular (or known) member of a group.
EXAMPLES
  • The book on the table is about horror stories.
  • Could you pass me the sugar, please?
  • The movie was great.
​
​THE USE OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE”

1) “The” is used before a noun which has already been previously mentioned

EXAMPLES
  • I lost the wallet you gave me yesterday.
  • They have a dog and two cats. The dog is Siberian husky.

2) “The” is used to indicate a noun that is unique or there is only one
EXAMPLES
  • The President of United States lives in the White House.
  • The Eiffel tower was built in 1889 to commemorate the French Revolution.
  • The Nile is a river in Africa.
  • Where is the bathroom?

​3) “The” is used before superlative adjectives
EXAMPLES
  • It’s the largest river in the world.
  • She is the most beautiful lady of all time.

4) “The” is used to talk about the whole population of a country or region
EXAMPLES
  • The British drink too much tea.
  • The Romans invaded Britain in AD 43.
  • The Mayans were famous for their architecture and astronomical knowledge.

HOWEVER: When generalizing about nationalities or a group of people, “the” is not usually used: “Americans eat a lot of hamburgers”
5) “The” is used to indicate all the members of a family
EXAMPLE
  • The Simpsons live in Springfield.

6) “The” is used to talk about musical instruments
 EXAMPLE
  • She plays the piano every day.

7) “The” is used to talk about directions (cardinal points)​
EXAMPLES
  • the north.
  • the south-east.
Worksheets
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The articles: a, an & the 1
Answers: 1. a 2. an 3. the 4. a 5. the 6. a 7. a 8. the 9. an 10. the 11. a 12. a 13. an 14. the 15. The - an
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The articles: a, an & the 2
Answers: 1. a 2. the 3. the 4. a 5. a 6. the 7. the 8. a 9. the 10. the 11. a 12. the 13. the 14. a 15. a
What to read next
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Zero article
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