Category: Gramática
Comparative adjectives - Adjetivos comparativos
Los adjetivos comparativos comparan un sustantivo con otro y nos permiten decir si un sustantivo tiene más o menos una cualidad particular.
My dog runs faster than yours.
My perro corre más rápido que el tuyo.
My perro corre más rápido que el tuyo.
Los adjetivos comparativos se utilizan en oraciones donde se comparan dos sustantivos, este es el patrón:
Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object)
Ejemplos:
- The watermelon is bigger than the apple - La sandía es más grande que la manzana.
- This place is nicer than my apartment - Este lugar es más lindo que mi apartamento.
- The blue jeans are more expensive than the white ones - Los blue jeans son más caros que los blancos.
- I was more beautiful than you - Yo era más hermosa que tú.
Superlative adjectives - Adjetivos superlativos
Los adjetivos superlativos se usan en oraciones donde un sustantivo se compara con un grupo de sustantivos. El grupo con el que se está comparando se puede omitir si esta claro el contexto.
The blue whale is the largest animal on earth.
La ballena azul es el animal más grande del mundo.
La ballena azul es el animal más grande del mundo.
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective [+ group of nouns (object)]
Ejemplos:
- Kate is the prettiest girl in her class - Kate es la chica más bonita en su clase.
- Those shoes are the most expensive in the store - Esos zapatos son los más caros de la tienda.
- You are the best! - ¡Eres la mejor!
- Today is the worst day I’ve had in a long time - Hoy es el peor día que he tenido en mucho tiempo.
Reglas para formar los adjetivos comparativos y superlativos
Adjetivo |
Comparativo |
Superlativo |
Una silaba |
Agregar -er cheap -> cheaper dark -> darker fast -> faster long -> longer old -> older new -> newer short -> shorter small -> smaller smart -> smarter |
Agregar -est cheap -> cheapest dark -> darkest fast -> fastest long -> longest old -> oldest new -> newest short -> shortest small -> smallest smart -> smarter |
Una silaba y termina con "e" |
Agregar -r nice -> nicer late -> later rare -> rarer |
Agregar -st nice -> nicest late -> latest rare -> rarest |
Una silaba y termina con consonante + vocal +consonante |
Duplicar la ultima consonante y luego agregar -er big -> bigger fat -> fatter hot -> hotter sad -> sadder thin -> thinner wet -> wetter |
Duplicar la ultima consonante y luego agregar -est big -> biggest fat -> fattest hot -> hottest sad -> saddest thin -> thinnest wet -> wettest |
Una/Dos silabas y terminan con "y" |
Cambiar la "y" por "i" y agregar -er busy -> busier dirty -> dirtier dusty -> dustier dry -> drier early -> earlier funny -> funnier happy -> happier pretty -> prettier rainy -> rainier scary -> scarier sunny -> sunnier tasty -> tastier thirsty - thirstier |
Cambiar la "y" por "i" y agregar -est busy -> busiest dirty -> dirtiest dusty -> dustiest dry -> driest early -> earliest funny -> funniest happy -> happiest pretty -> prettiest rainy -> rainiest scary -> scariest sunny -> sunniest tasty -> tastiest thirsty - thirstiest |
Dos silabas |
Agregar more + adjetivo boring -> more boring careful -> more careful charming -> more charming precious -> more precious precise -> more precise scared -> more scared tangled -> more tangled thankful -> more thankful useful -> more useful |
Agregar the most + adjetivo boring -> the most boring careful -> the most careful charming -> the most charming precious -> the most precious precise -> the most precise scared -> the most scared tangled -> the most tangled thankful -> the most thankful useful -> the most useful |
Tres silabas o más |
Agregar more + adjetivo beautiful -> more beautiful colorful -> more colorful comfortable -> more comfortable complicated -> more complicated creative -> more creative delicious -> more delicious elegant -> more elegant expensive -> more expensive fashionable -> more fashionable generous -> more generous important -> more important intelligent -> more intelligent interesting -> more interesting |
Agregar the most + adjetivo beautiful -> the most beautiful colorful -> the most colorful comfortable ->the most comfortable complicated -> the most complicated creative -> the most creative delicious -> the most delicious elegant -> the most elegant expensive -> the most expensive fashionable -> the most fashionable generous -> the most generous important -> the most important intelligent -> the most intelligent interesting -> the most interesting |
Comparativos y superlativos irregulares
Algunos adjetivos tienen formas irregulares en los grados comparativo y superlativo.
Adjetivo |
Comparativo |
Superlativo |
Español |
bad |
worse |
worst |
malo |
far |
farther |
farthest |
lejos (distancia) |
far |
further |
furthest |
lejos (alcance) |
good |
better |
best |
bueno |
little |
less |
least |
poco |
much |
more |
most |
mucho |
Ejemplos:
- This is the worst hospital in the city - Este es el peor hospital de la ciudad.
- Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun - Neptuno es el planeta más lejano del Sol.
- A mediocre idea that generates enthusiasm will go further than a great idea - Una idea mediocre que genere entusiasmo irá más lejos que una gran idea.
- You play golf better than me - Tú juegas golf mejor que yo.
- Sometimes the least expensive presents are the best - A veces, los regalos menos costosos son los mejores.
Lista de adjetivos cortos
Adjetivo |
Comparativo |
Superlativo |
Español |
|
1 |
angry |
angrier |
angriest |
enfadado, enojado |
2 |
bad |
worse |
worst |
malo |
3 |
big |
bigger |
biggest |
grande |
4 |
brave |
braver |
bravest |
valiente |
5 |
bright |
brighter |
brightest |
brillante, luminoso |
6 |
busy |
busier |
busiest |
ocupado, ajetreado |
7 |
cheap |
cheaper |
cheapest |
barato |
8 |
clean |
cleaner |
cleanest |
limpio |
9 |
clear |
clearer |
cleanest |
claro, despejado |
10 |
close |
closer |
closest |
cerca |
11 |
cold |
colder |
coldest |
frío |
12 |
cool |
cooler |
coolest |
fresco |
13 |
crazy |
crazier |
craziest |
loco |
14 |
creepy |
creepier |
creepiest |
espeluznante |
15 |
crispy |
crispier |
crispiest |
crujiente |
16 |
dark |
darker |
darkest |
oscuro |
17 |
deep |
deeper |
deepest |
profundo |
18 |
dirty |
dirtier |
dirtiest |
sucio |
19 |
early |
earlier |
earliest |
temprano |
20 |
easy |
easier |
easiest |
facíl |
21 |
fancy |
fancier |
fanciest |
lujoso |
22 |
far |
further/farther |
furthest/farthest |
lejos |
23 |
fast |
faster |
fastest |
rápida |
24 |
fat |
fatter |
fattest |
gordo |
25 |
few |
fewer |
fewest |
pocos |
26 |
fit |
fitter |
fittest |
apto, en forma |
27 |
friendly |
friendlier |
friendliest |
agradable, amable, amistoso |
28 |
full |
fuller |
fullest |
lleno, completo |
29 |
funny |
funnier |
funniest |
divertido |
30 |
good |
better |
best |
bueno |
31 |
greasy |
greasier |
greasiest |
grasiento |
32 |
gross |
grosser |
grossest |
asqueroso |
33 |
hairy |
hairier |
hairiest |
velludo, peludo |
34 |
happy |
happier |
happiest |
feliz |
35 |
hard |
harder |
hardest |
duro, difícil |
36 |
healthy |
healthier |
healthiest |
saludable |
37 |
heavy |
heavier |
heaviest |
pesado |
38 |
high |
higher |
highest |
alto, elevado |
39 |
hot |
hotter |
hottest |
caliente, caluroso, picante |
40 |
hungry |
hungrier |
hungriest |
hambriento |
41 |
kind |
kinder |
kindest |
amable |
42 |
large |
larger |
largest |
grande |
43 |
lazy |
lazier |
laziest |
perezoso |
44 |
light |
lighter |
lightest |
ligero, claro |
45 |
little |
littler |
littlest |
pequeño/poco |
46 |
lonely |
lonelier |
loneliest |
solitario |
47 |
long |
longer |
longest |
largo |
48 |
low |
lower |
lowest |
bajo |
49 |
near |
nearer |
nearest |
cercano |
50 |
new |
newer |
newest |
nuevo |
51 |
nice |
nicer |
nicest |
lindo |
52 |
noisy |
noisier |
noisiest |
ruidoso |
53 |
old |
older/elder |
oldest/eldest |
viejo, antiguo |
54 |
polite |
politer |
politest |
educado, cortés |
55 |
poor |
poorer |
poorest |
pobre |
56 |
pretty |
prettier |
prettiest |
bonito |
57 |
proud |
prouder |
proudest |
orgulloso |
58 |
quick |
quicker |
quickest |
rápido |
59 |
quiet |
quieter |
quietest |
tranquilo |
60 |
rare |
rarer |
rarest |
raro |
61 |
rich |
richer |
richest |
rico, abundante |
62 |
risky |
riskier |
riskiest |
peligroso |
63 |
rude |
ruder |
rudest |
grosero |
64 |
sad |
sadder |
saddest |
triste, lamentable |
65 |
scary |
scarier |
scariest |
espantoso |
66 |
short |
shorter |
shortest |
corto, chaparro |
67 |
shy |
shyer |
shyest |
tímido |
68 |
skinny |
skinnier |
skinniest |
flaco |
69 |
sleepy |
sleepier |
sleepiest |
adormilado |
70 |
slow |
slower |
slowest |
lento |
71 |
small |
smaller |
smallest |
pequeño |
72 |
smart |
smarter |
smartest |
listo, inteligente |
73 |
smelly |
smellier |
smelliest |
pequeño |
74 |
smooth |
smoother |
smoothest |
liso, suave |
75 |
soft |
softer |
softest |
blando, suave |
76 |
soon |
sooner |
soonest |
pronto |
77 |
spicy |
spicier |
spiciest |
picante, sazonado |
78 |
strange |
stranger |
strangest |
raro, extraño |
79 |
strong |
stronger |
strongest |
fuerte, intenso |
80 |
sweaty |
sweatier |
sweatiest |
sudoroso |
81 |
sweet |
sweeter |
sweetest |
dulce |
82 |
tall |
taller |
tallest |
alto |
83 |
tasty |
tastier |
tastiest |
rico, sabroso |
84 |
thin |
thinner |
thinnest |
delgado, fino |
85 |
thirsty |
thirstier |
thirstiest |
sediento |
86 |
tiny |
tinier |
tiniest |
diminuto, minúsculo |
87 |
ugly |
uglier |
ugliest |
feo |
88 |
warm |
warmer |
warmest |
calido, tibio, templado |
89 |
weak |
weaker |
weakest |
débil,flojo |
90 |
weird |
weirder |
weirdest |
raro, extraño |
91 |
wet |
wetter |
wettest |
mojado, húmedo |
92 |
wide |
wider |
widest |
ancho, amplio |
93 |
wild |
wilder |
wildest |
salvaje, silvestre |
94 |
windy |
windier |
windiest |
ventoso |
95 |
wise |
wiser |
wisest |
sabio, sensato |
96 |
young |
younger |
youngest |
joven |