Category: Topics in the syllabus Elements of a newspaper 1. Name of the newspaper 2. Section These are titles or labels that indicate the different sections of the newspaper, such as news, sports, entertainment, or opinion. 3. Headline It sums up the story or article. It’s usually printed in large font at the top of the page to grab the reader's attention. 4. Drophead It’s a secondary headline that provides additional information about the story. 5. Byline It's the author of the article. It appears at the beginning of the article. 6. Dateline It has two elements: the name of the place from where a story originated and the date on which it was written. It usually appears in bold letters. 7. Lead This is the first sentence or paragraph of the article, which provides a summary of the main points and captures the reader's interest. 8. Body This is the main content of the article, which provides the details and information on the topic being covered. It’s divided into small paragraphs. 9. Photo They are used to make a text easier to understand or more interesting. These are visuals that help illustrate the story and make it more engaging for the reader. 10. Caption These are short descriptions or explanations that accompany photographs or images. It is known as cutline in the US. Other elements Masthead This is the section of the newspaper that includes the publication's name, logo, and other identifying information, such as the publisher, editor, and editorial board. Table of contents This is a list of the articles and sections in the newspaper, along with their page numbers, which helps readers navigate the content. Subheadings These are smaller headlines that break up the text into smaller sections and provide additional information about the content. Crossheads These are subheadings that are placed in the middle of the text to break up long articles and make them easier to read. Sidebar This is a smaller article or feature that accompanies the main story and provides additional information or context. Charts of graphs These are visual representations of data or information that help illustrate a point or support the article's argument. Jump lines These are lines of text that indicate where an article continues on another page in the newspaper. Editorials These are opinion pieces written by the newspaper's editorial board or guest contributors, which provide commentary and analysis on current events or issues. Quotes These are direct quotes from people involved in the story, which provide insight and perspective on the topic being covered. Pull quotes These are quotes taken from the article and highlighted in larger font to draw attention and emphasize important points. Guest columns These are articles written by guest contributors, such as experts or community leaders, that provide unique perspectives on current events or issues. Advertisements These are paid messages from businesses or individuals, which are included in the newspaper to generate revenue. Pagination This refers to the numbering of the pages in the newspaper, which allows readers to easily find and reference articles. Pull-out sections These are special sections of the newspaper that can be removed and read separately, such as a Sunday magazine or a travel guide. Supplements These are additional sections that are included in the newspaper on a regular basis, such as a weekly entertainment guide or a special section on a particular topic. Comics These are cartoons or comic strips that provide entertainment and humor for readers. Crossword puzzles and other games These provide readers with interactive content and a way to engage with the newspaper beyond simply reading the articles. Horoscopes These provide astrological predictions for individuals based on their zodiac sign. Corrections These are notices that correct errors or mistakes that were previously published in the newspaper.
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Category: Topics in the syllabus TV program A TV program, also called television show, is a segment of content intended for broadcast on television. Cartoon A cartoon is a program that features animated characters. Examples: The Simpsons, Dragon ball super, Naruto, Rick and Morty, Pokémon, The fairly oddparents & SpongeBob SquarePants. Cookery A TV program hosted by famous chefs, who teach people how to cook. Examples: Iron chef & Celebrity cooking showdown. Documentary A documentary is a non-fictional program that documents real life events, usually created for educational purposes. Examples: The last dance, Rise of empires: Ottoman & Leaving Neverland. Drama A fictional or true story, featuring actors and actresses who are dealing with struggles of daily life. Examples: The crown & You. Game show A game show that features contestants who play competitive games or solve quizzes/ puzzles, usually for money. Examples: Who wants to be a millionaire?, The secret password is… & Jeopardy Kids TV programs produced for children. Examples: Sesame street & Hannah Montana. Makeover A TV program that helps people change their image or lifestyle. Examples: The biggest looser & Extreme makeover. News A show that reports world events as they unfold. Examples: CNN News, CBS Evening News & 60 Minutes. Reality show A show with ordinary people, showing what they do in strange situations. Examples: Big brother, Survivor, Keeping up with the Kardashians & The bachelor. Sitcom (Situation comedy) An entertaining TV program with characters in different amusing (comical) situations. Examples: Two and half men, The big bang theory, Modern family, Malcolm & Friends. Soap opera It's a drama serie dealing typically with daily events in the lives of the same group of characters. Examples: Maria la del barrio, Coronation street & The bold and the beautiful. Sports A TV program that features sports or sporting events. Examples: Super Bowl, Mexican Soccer League, Olympic games, World cup, Grand slam cup, Formula 1 & WWWE. Talk shows A TV program in which various topics are discussed informally and guests or studio audience are invited to participate in the discussion. Examples: The tonigh show, The Ellen DeGeneres show & The Opran Winfrey show. Travel A TV program that features popular holiday destinations or travel reviews. Examples: Gordon's great escape, Travel man & Race across the world. Wildlife program A show about animals, plants, or other non-human living creatures and how they live. Examples: Planet Earth & The cocodrile hunter.
Category: Topics in the syllabus Characteristics and examples of film genres Action Characteristics:
Examples: Marvel movies, The fast and the furious, Superman, Transformers and James Bond. Adventure Characteristics:
Examples: Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark, Lord of the rings, Pirates of Caribbean, and Tomb raider. Comedy Characteristics:
Examples: You don't mess with the Zohan, Zoolander, Wedding crashers, Meet parents and There's something about Mary. Drama Characteristics:
Examples: 12 years a slave, Bridge of spies and Casablanca. Horror Characteristics:
Examples: The exorcist, The ring, Bram Stoker's Dracula and The conjuring. Romance Characteristics:
Examples: Titanic, Pretty woman and The notebook. Science fiction Characteristics:
Examples: Star wars, Star trek, Terminator, Maze runner, Ex Machina and The fifth element. War Characteristics:
Examples: Saving private Ryan, The thin red line, Platoon, Schindler's list and 1917. Western Characteristics:
Examples:
Tombstone, 3:10 to Yuma, Brokeback mountain, Django unchained, Unforgiven and Back to the future part III. Category: Topics in the syllabus El guion es un elemento muy importante en cualquier obra cinematográfica, dado que es la base sobre la cuál se crea una película. El guion nos cuenta la historia completa, las acciones que se desarrollan y los diálogos de cada personaje. También describe los lugares donde se filmarán ciertas escenas. Elementos del guion Encabezado de escena (Scene heading) Les dice a los lectores dónde y cuándo tiene lugar la escena. Consta de tres partes:
Ejemplos:
Lineas de acción (Action lines) Prepara la escena, presentan personajes y describen sus acciones. Estas se escriben en tercera persona y con los verbos en presente. Ejemplos: 1. HARKER finds the COUNT DRACULA lying in a coffin. He is horrified and runs away in horror. 2. The phone rings and CATHERINE quickly grabs it not to disturb people around. 3. CHARLES stands to leave, but the waitress blocks his exit. Nombre del personaje (Character name) y dialogos (Dialogues) El nombre del personaje se usa antes de que un personaje hable y a continuación irá su dialogo. Ejemplo: COUNT DRACULA Welcome to my house. Come freely. Go safety and leave something of the happiness you bring. Elementos entre paréntesis (Parenthetical) Describe lo que un personaje siente o hace cuando habla. Ejemplos: SUSAN (excited) It’s fantastic! RUPERTH (sarcastically) Here comes the sexiest man in the world. CARL (with a smile) Yes... thank you! Category: Gramática Uso Los adverbios de secuencia se usan para describir el orden en que suceden las cosas. Por lo regular, estos adverbios sirven para contar una historia, escribir una receta o dar instrucciones. Adverbios de secuencia
Reglas La mayoría de los adverbios de secuencia casi siempre van al principio de una oración y seguidos de una coma (,).
First se usa para describir una acción que va antes que todas las demás.
Next, then y after that describen una acción entre el inicio y el final.
First y next también pueden ir al final de una oración.
Later sugiere un intervalo de tiempo entre ambas acciones.
Suddenly se usa cuando queremos mostrar que la segunda acción ocurre de forma rápida e inesperada.
Then se usa para describir una secuencia o sucesión de eventos. Then se puede usar sin coma.
Finally se usa para la acción que ocurre al final.
Before y after además de usarse como adverbios pueden usarse como preposiciones ó conjunciones.
Ejemplos
First, I get up. Then, I take a shower. Next, I have breakfast. Finally, I go to work - Primero, me levanto. Entonces, tomo un baño. A continuación, desayuno. Finalmente, me voy a trabajar. First, I grabbed a spoon. Second, I ate the cereal. Third, I drank the milk. Finally, I tossed the bowl in the dishwasher - Primero, agarré una cuchara. En segundo lugar, me comí el cereal. En tercer lugar, bebí la leche. Finalmente, tiré el tazón al lavaplatos. Firstly, boil some water. Then, pour the water into a cup. After that, put a tea bag in the water. Finally, add some sugar - Primero, hierve un poco de agua. Luego, vierte el agua en una taza. Después de eso, pon una bolsita de té en el agua. Finalmente, agregue un poco de azúcar. First, stay calm. Then, go to higher gounds. Next, stay away from electronics. Finally, after the flood check strutural damages - Primero, mantén la calma. Luego, ve a terrenos más altos. Luego, manténgase alejado de electrónicos. Finalmente, después de la inundación, verifique los daños estructurales. First, put some of your favorite ice cream in a bowl. Then, pour two tablespoons of chocolate syrup on the ice cream. Next, cover the ice cream and chocolate with whipped cream. Finally, sprinkle chopped nuts on the whipped cream and top it off with a cherry - Primero, ponga un poco de su helado favorito en un tazón. Luego, vierte dos cucharadas de jarabe de chocolate sobre el helado. A continuación, cubra el helado y el chocolate con crema batida. Por último, espolvorear nueces picadas sobre la crema batida y rematar con una cereza. Before, you begin, make sure that you stretch out the balloon to make it as easy as possible to inflate. Then, pour the 40 ml of water into the soft drink bottle. Next, add a teaspoon of baking soda and stir it around with the straw until it has dissolved. Finally, pour the lemon juice in and quickly put the stretched balloon over the mouth of the bottle - Antes de comenzar, asegúrese de estirar el globo para que sea lo más fácil posible de inflar. Luego, vierta los 40 ml. de agua en la botella de refresco. A continuación, agregue una cucharadita de bicarbonato de sodio y revuelva con un popote hasta que se haya disuelto. Finalmente, vierte el jugo de limón y rápidamente coloca el globo estirado sobre la boca de la botella. |
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