Comparativos y superlativos en inglés

Category: Gramática

Comparative adjectives - Adjetivos comparativos

Los adjetivos comparativos comparan un sustantivo con otro y nos permiten decir si un sustantivo tiene más o menos una cualidad particular.​

My dog runs faster than yours.
My perro corre más rápido que el tuyo.

Los adjetivos comparativos se utilizan en oraciones donde se comparan dos sustantivos, este es el patrón:

Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object)

Ejemplos:

• The watermelon is bigger than the apple - La sandía es más grande que la manzana.
• This place is nicer than my apartment - Este lugar es más lindo que mi apartamento.
• The blue jeans are more expensive than the white ones - Los blue jeans son más caros que los blancos.
• I was more beautiful than you - Yo era más hermosa que tú.​

Superlative adjectives - Adjetivos superlativos

Los adjetivos superlativos se usan en oraciones donde un sustantivo se compara con un grupo de sustantivos. El grupo con el que se está comparando se puede omitir si esta claro el contexto.

The blue whale is the largest animal on earth.
La ballena azul es el animal más grande del mundo.

Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective [+ group of nouns (object)]

Ejemplos:

• Kate is the prettiest girl in her class - Kate es la chica más bonita en su clase.
• Those shoes are the most expensive in the store - Esos zapatos son los más caros de la tienda.
• You are the best! - ¡Eres la mejor!
• Today is the worst day I’ve had in a long time - Hoy es el peor día que he tenido en mucho tiempo.

Reglas para formar los adjetivos comparativos y superlativos

Adjetivo	Comparativo	Superlativo
Una silaba	Agregar -er cheap -> cheaper dark -> darker fast -> faster long -> longer old -> older new -> newer short -> shorter small -> smaller smart -> smarter	Agregar -est cheap -> cheapest dark -> darkest ​fast -> fastest long -> longest old -> oldest new -> newest short -> shortest small -> smallest smart -> smarter
Una silaba y termina con  "e"	Agregar -r nice -> nicer late -> later ​rare -> rarer	Agregar -st nice -> nicest late -> latest ​rare -> rarest
Una silaba y termina con  consonante + vocal +consonante	Duplicar la ultima consonante ​y luego agregar -er big -> bigger fat  -> fatter ​hot -> hotter sad -> sadder ​thin -> thinner wet -> wetter	​Duplicar la ultima consonante ​y luego agregar -est big -> biggest fat  -> fattest ​hot -> hottest sad -> saddest thin -> thinnest wet -> wettest
Una/Dos silabas y ​terminan con "y"	Cambiar la "y" por "i" y ​agregar -er ​busy -> busier dirty  -> dirtier ​dusty -> dustier dry -> drier ​early -> earlier funny -> funnier happy -> happier ​pretty -> prettier rainy -> rainier ​scary -> scarier sunny -> sunnier tasty -> tastier thirsty - thirstier	Cambiar la "y" por "i" y ​agregar -est ​busy -> busiest dirty  -> dirtiest ​dusty -> dustiest dry -> driest ​early -> earliest funny -> funniest happy -> happiest ​pretty -> prettiest rainy -> rainiest ​scary -> scariest sunny -> sunniest tasty -> tastiest thirsty - thirstiest
Dos silabas	Agregar more + adjetivo boring -> more boring careful -> more careful ​charming -> more charming precious -> more precious precise -> more precise ​scared -> more scared tangled -> more tangled thankful -> more thankful useful -> more useful	Agregar the most + adjetivo boring -> the most boring ​careful -> the most careful charming -> the most charming precious -> the most precious precise -> the most precise scared -> the most scared tangled -> the most tangled thankful -> the most thankful useful -> the most useful
Tres silabas o más	​Agregar more + adjetivo beautiful -> more beautiful colorful -> more colorful comfortable -> more comfortable complicated -> more complicated creative -> more creative delicious -> more delicious elegant -> more elegant expensive -> more expensive fashionable -> more fashionable generous -> more generous important -> more important intelligent -> more intelligent interesting -> more interesting	​Agregar the most + adjetivo beautiful -> the most beautiful colorful -> the most colorful ​comfortable ->the most comfortable complicated -> the most complicated creative -> the most creative delicious -> the most delicious elegant -> the most elegant expensive -> the most expensive fashionable -> the most fashionable generous -> the most generous important -> the most important intelligent -> the most intelligent interesting -> the most interesting

Comparativos y superlativos irregulares

Algunos adjetivos tienen formas irregulares en los grados comparativo y superlativo.

Adjetivo	Comparativo	Superlativo	Español
bad	worse	worst	malo
far	farther	farthest	lejos (distancia)
far	further	furthest	lejos (alcance)
good	better	best	bueno
little	less	least	poco
much	more	most	mucho

Ejemplos:

• This is the worst hospital in the city - Este es el peor hospital de la ciudad.
• Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun - Neptuno es el planeta más lejano del Sol.
• A mediocre idea that generates enthusiasm will go further than a great idea - Una idea mediocre que genere entusiasmo irá más lejos que una gran idea.
• You play golf  better than me - Tú juegas golf mejor que yo.
• Sometimes the least expensive presents are the best - ​A veces, los regalos menos costosos son los mejores.

Lista de adjetivos cortos

	Adjetivo	Comparativo	Superlativo	Español
1	angry	angrier	angriest	enfadado, enojado
2	bad	worse	worst	malo
3	big	bigger	biggest	grande
4	brave	braver	bravest	valiente
5	bright	brighter	brightest	brillante, luminoso
6	busy	busier	busiest	ocupado, ajetreado
7	cheap	cheaper	cheapest	barato
8	clean	cleaner	cleanest	limpio
9	clear	clearer	cleanest	claro, despejado
10	close	closer	closest	cerca
11	cold	colder	coldest	frío
12	cool	cooler	coolest	fresco
13	crazy	crazier	craziest	loco
14	creepy	creepier	creepiest	espeluznante
15	crispy	crispier	crispiest	crujiente
16	dark	darker	darkest	oscuro
17	deep	deeper	deepest	profundo
18	dirty	dirtier	dirtiest	sucio
19	early	earlier	earliest	temprano
20	easy	easier	easiest	facíl
21	fancy	fancier	fanciest	lujoso
22	far	further/farther	furthest/farthest	lejos
23	fast	faster	fastest	rápida
24	fat	fatter	fattest	gordo
25	few	fewer	fewest	pocos
26	fit	fitter	fittest	apto, en forma
27	friendly	friendlier	friendliest	agradable, amable, amistoso
28	full	fuller	fullest	lleno, completo
29	funny	funnier	funniest	divertido
30	good	better	best	bueno
31	greasy	greasier	greasiest	grasiento
32	gross	grosser	grossest	asqueroso
33	hairy	hairier	hairiest	velludo, peludo
34	happy	happier	happiest	feliz
35	hard	harder	hardest	duro, difícil
36	healthy	healthier	healthiest	saludable
37	heavy	heavier	heaviest	pesado
38	high	higher	highest	alto, elevado
39	hot	hotter	hottest	caliente, caluroso, picante
40	hungry	hungrier	hungriest	hambriento
41	kind	kinder	kindest	amable
42	large	larger	largest	grande
43	lazy	lazier	laziest	perezoso
44	light	lighter	lightest	ligero, claro
45	little	littler	littlest	pequeño/poco
46	lonely	lonelier	loneliest	solitario
47	long	longer	longest	largo
48	low	lower	lowest	bajo
49	near	nearer	nearest	cercano
50	new	newer	newest	nuevo
51	nice	nicer	nicest	lindo
52	noisy	noisier	noisiest	ruidoso
53	old	older/elder	oldest/eldest	viejo, antiguo
54	polite	politer	politest	educado, cortés
55	poor	poorer	poorest	pobre
56	pretty	prettier	prettiest	bonito
57	proud	prouder	proudest	orgulloso
58	quick	quicker	quickest	rápido
59	quiet	quieter	quietest	tranquilo
60	rare	rarer	rarest	raro
61	rich	richer	richest	rico, abundante
62	risky	riskier	riskiest	peligroso
63	rude	ruder	rudest	grosero
64	sad	sadder	saddest	triste, lamentable
65	scary	scarier	scariest	espantoso
66	short	shorter	shortest	corto, chaparro
67	shy	shyer	shyest	tímido
68	skinny	skinnier	skinniest	flaco
69	sleepy	sleepier	sleepiest	adormilado
70	slow	slower	slowest	lento
71	small	smaller	smallest	pequeño
72	smart	smarter	smartest	listo, inteligente
73	smelly	smellier	smelliest	pequeño
74	smooth	smoother	smoothest	liso, suave
75	soft	softer	softest	blando, suave
76	soon	sooner	soonest	pronto
77	spicy	spicier	spiciest	picante, sazonado
78	strange	stranger	strangest	raro, extraño
79	strong	stronger	strongest	fuerte, intenso
80	sweaty	sweatier	sweatiest	sudoroso
81	sweet	sweeter	sweetest	dulce
82	tall	taller	tallest	alto
83	tasty	tastier	tastiest	rico, sabroso
84	thin	thinner	thinnest	delgado, fino
85	thirsty	thirstier	thirstiest	sediento
86	tiny	tinier	tiniest	diminuto, minúsculo
87	ugly	uglier	ugliest	feo
88	warm	warmer	warmest	calido, tibio, templado
89	weak	weaker	weakest	débil,flojo
90	weird	weirder	weirdest	raro, extraño
91	wet	wetter	wettest	mojado, húmedo
92	wide	wider	widest	ancho, amplio
93	wild	wilder	wildest	salvaje, silvestre
94	windy	windier	windiest	ventoso
95	wise	wiser	wisest	sabio, sensato
96	young	younger	youngest	joven