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El presente simple en inglés

1/7/2021

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Category: Verb tenses
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Una de las partes más importantes de la gramática son los tiempos verbales, y el presente simple es básico cuando aprendes el idioma inglés. 
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Usos del presente simple
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To describe habits or repeated actions
Describir hábitos o acciones repetidas
  • I work in a bank - Yo trabajo en un banco.
  • He goes to the movies every Wednesday - Él va al cine todos los miércoles.
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To state general truths or facts
Declarar verdades generales o hechos
  • Water boils at 100°C - El agua hierve a 100°C.
  • He’s German - Él es Alemán.
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To describe future facts or actions set by a timetable
Describir hechos o acciones futuras establecidas por un cronograma
  • Her father arrives tomorrow - Su papá llega mañana.
  • The train leaves at 7 am - El tren sale a las 7 am.
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To express opinions, states, feelings, possession or things that happen inside our heads
Expresar opiniones, estados, sentimientos, posesiones o cosas que suceden dentro de nuestra cabeza​
  • I don’t like spicy food - No me gusta la comida picante.
  • She wants that red dress - Ella quiere ese vestido rojo.
¡Cuidado! El presente simple no se utiliza para hablar de lo que está ocurriendo en este momento.
Forma
Afirmativa: SUJETO + VERBO (+ s/es/ies en tercera persona)​
Affirmative form
File Size: 219 kb
File Type: mp3
Download File

Ejemplos:
  • I work in a bank - Yo trabajo en un banco.
  • You get up early every day - Tu te levantas temprano todos los días.
  • She works in an office - Ella trabaja en una oficina.
  • She studies at university - Ella estudia en la universidad.
  • He goes to the movies every Wednesday - Él va al cine todos los miércoles.
  • It rains every afternoon in summer - Llueve todas las tardes en verano.
  • We play baseball on Friday nights - Nosotros jugamos béisbol los viernes en la noche.
  • You travel together as a happy couple - Ustedes viajan juntos como una pareja feliz.
  • They pay with cash - Ellos pagan en efectivo.
Negativa: SUJETO + do not/does not (en tercera persona) + VERBO
Negative form
File Size: 95 kb
File Type: mp3
Download File

Ejemplos: 
  • I do not speak Portuguese - Yo no hablo Portugués.
  • She does not speak Portuguese - Ella no habla Portugués.
  • You don’t like apples - No te gustan las manzanas.
  • He doesn’t like apples - No le gustan las manzanas.
​Interrogativa: Do/Does (en tercera persona) + SUJETO + VERBO
Interrogative form
File Size: 115 kb
File Type: mp3
Download File

Ejemplos:
  • Do you work in a bank? -Yes, I do/No, I don’t - ¿Trabajas en un banco? -Si, si lo hago/No, no lo hago.
  • Does she work in a bank? -Yes, she does/No, she doesn’t - ¿Trabaja ella en un banco? -Si, si lo hace/No, no lo hace.
Puede agregar una palabra de pregunta (why, where, when, how long, who, how, etc.) antes de do o does para solicitar más información.
Question words
File Size: 110 kb
File Type: mp3
Download File

Ejemplos:
  • What do you do? - ¿A que te dedicas? 
  • Where does he work? - ¿Dónde trabaja él?
  • When does she do her homework? - ¿Cuándo ella hace su tarea?
  • How long do tigers live? - ¿Cuánto tiempo viven los tigres?
  • Who do you think you are? - ¿Quién crees que eres?
  • How do we hear? - ¿Cómo escuchamos?
La ortografía del verbo en tercera persona del singular (he, she & it) varía según la terminación del verbo
En la tercera persona del singular, la mayoría de los verbos siempre terminan en -s.
Ejemplos:
  • cook = cooks (She cooks spaghettie - Ella cocina espaguetis).
  • cost = costs (It costs 56 dollars - Cuesta 56 dólares).
  • eat=eats (He eats a healthy diet and exercises regularly - Él lleva una dieta saludable y hace ejercicio con regularidad).
  • get=gets (He gets up late - El se levanta tarde).
  • like = likes (He likes apples - Le gustan las manzanas).
  • live = lives (Frank lives in a big city - Frank vive en una gran ciudad).
  • orbit=orbits (The moon orbits the Earth - La luna órbita la tierra).
  • read=reads (My grandfather reads the newspaper in the mornings - Mi abuelo lee el periódico por las mañanas).
  • taste=tastes (This soup tastes great! - ¡Esta sopa sabe muy bien!).
  • want=wants (She wants that red dress now - Ella quiere ese vestido rojo).​
  • work=works (Michael works in a hospital - Miguel trabaja en un hospital).
Sin embargo, existen algunos casos especiales. Aquí están las reglas de ortografía:
Hay 3 formas de verbos irregulares:
  • have = has (He has a new car - Él tiene un auto nuevo).
  • go = goes (She goes to the park every day - Ella va al parque todos los días).
  • do = does (He does his homework after school - Él hace su tarea después de la escuela).

Los verbos terminados en: vocal + "y" se le agrega "-s"
  • pay - pays (She pays with cash - Ella paga en efectivo).
  • play – plays (The dog plays with the ball - El perro juega con la pelota).
  • say – says (The parrot says "Hello" - El loro dice "Hola").

​​Los verbos que terminan en: "-y" cambian "-y" por "-ies"
  • deny - denies (The president denies the affair - El presidente niega la aventura).
  • marry = marries (A happier man loves the girl he marries - Un hombre más feliz ama a la chica con la que se casa).
  • study = studies (She studies and works - Ella estudia y trabaja).

​Los verbos que terminan en: "s", "z", "sh", "tch" y "ch" se le agrega "-es"
  • buzz = buzzes (The bee buzzes like a lawnmower - La abeja zumba como una cortadora de césped).
  • miss = misses (He misses you so much - Él te extraña mucho).
  • wash = washes (He washes his car every weekend - Él lava su auto todos los fines de semana).
  • watch = watches (She watches television in the living room - Ella ve la televisión en la sala).
  • teach = teaches (The trainer teaches in a gym - El entrenador enseña en un gimnasio)
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Top 7 mistakes online teachers make

1/2/2021

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Category: Teaching
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Here are seven mistakes by teachers that cause us to be less effective:
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1. Trying to re-create face-to-face learning in online learning
Attempts to re-create the brick-and-mortar classroom learning experience, methods, and modes to the online environment is a basic error. Is online better than F2F? If you are asking this question, you should probably continue teaching F2F. 

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Teaching online requires a "start over" in your course design, though not necessarily a change in student learning outcomes. The effectiveness of online pedagogy is based on how the mode of communication is used, the instructional design, and the interaction between learners.

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Communication should be multimodal. It can be offered through print or text media as well as audio or video. It's the same information, just provided in multiple and consistent ways. It would be ideal if all teachers in the same school could use the same platform.

Technologies such as WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook messenger, Learning Management System  (LMS), email, and video chat applications like Skype and Google Meet have made communication between teacher and learner more timely, efficient, and productive.
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In the first few days of teaching online, we have to build social-emotional skills of learners  to increase their motivation. There is a strong connection between mental health and academic success because poor mental health can negatively influence learners’ ability to learn.
Besides, a vital part of the process is teaching learners how to use technology tools to send and receive the assignments as part of the course.
2. Attempting to go for coverage rather than depth
Online learning requires a higher level of student engagement than F2F learning.  So, reduce the number of contents and focus on assignments to help learners achieve the most important learning outcomes. Learners who study fewer topics, but study them in greater depth, are more successful in academics over their peers who study more topics and spend less time on each.
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3. Taking attendance
Attendance is an archaic and almost meaningless metric in distance learning. Many teachers are monitoring learners' engagement and who is submitting assignments rather than daily attendance because not all learners are able to participate in online learning. Besides, many of them are facing additional barriers than others, like caring siblings, Wi-Fi issues, and financial problems. 
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Here are a few engagement measures to consider:
  • Are learners logging on often?
  • Are they submitting their work on time?
  • Are they asking questions and seeking additional resources?
  • Are they responding to feedback? 
4. Explaining the task but actually not teaching
Writing documents and recording videos with a bunch of instructions for the lesson won't help, especially if the learners will need more input on a topic. Finding the best way to deliver your content and get your learners to understand you in a face-to-face teaching environment can be challenging. Doing that in an online environment can be even more challenging due to different distractions at home. 

Using different content types can help minimize distractions and keep students engaged in the learning content.

Here's a list of content types:
  • Articles.
  • Audios.
  • Blog posts.
  • Charts/Graphs.
  • Documents. 
  • ​Images/Infographics.
  • Online Games.
  • Powerpoint presentations.
  • Quizzes.
  • ​Slideshare.
  • Teacher's notes.
  • Text messages.
  • ​Timelines.
  • ​Videos.
  • Virtual tours.
5. Using long videos
Videos are an important feature of many online courses. Replacing your lectures with self-made videos can boost learners’ engagement and free you up to work with them directly. Video allows teachers to save hours of repetitive teaching. 

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​For many teachers, flipping the classroom begins with live recording their lectures. Sending recorded lectures to learners allows them to pause and rewatch if they didn’t understand it the first time. With recorded lectures, learners will be able to pause the video, rewatch the lesson multiples times according to their learning pace and needs. Also, by adding images and sounds, it is possible to approach learners and make them more interested in what is being taught.

Research on instructional videos shows that learner engagement with videos begins to drop after the 6-minute mark,  ​so multiple short videos are better than one long video instead.

Here's a list of free video editors online:
  1. Wondershare Filmora.
  2. PowToon.
  3. Clipchamp.
  4. Animoto.

​And here's a list of screen recorders:
  1. OBS Studio.
  2. CamStudio.
  3. TinyTake.
6. Not giving meaningful feedback
As your learners are learning from a distance, it is important that they receive consistent feedback on their progress. If they receives a 100 or a 75, that doesn’t necessarily tell them as much as verbal feedback or print feedback, so really there’s going to be an emphasis on teachers giving learners feedback rather than their grades.

​If there is no feedback loop taking place though, learners and parents have no way of knowing what they have done well nor what their next steps are. It also gives the impression that the teacher doesn’t care about the tasks being completed by the student. 
7. Failing to ask for help
Online teaching comes with its own challenges. Traditionally, teachers develop their courses alone but in online learning, especially for first-time instructors, is a great opportunity to be more collaborative in our approach to teaching. Ask for help. 
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Elements of a newspaper

12/27/2020

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Category: Topics in the syllabus
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1. Name of the newspaper
2. Section
3. Headline
It sums up the story or article. It’s usually in a larger font and often in bold.
4. Drophead
It’s a secondary headline that provides additional information about the story.
5. Byline
It's the author of the article. It appears at the beginning of the article.
6. Dateline
It has two elements: the name of the place from where  a story originated and the date on which it was written. It usually appears in bold letters.
7. Lead
It briefly gives the most important information.
8. Body
It supplies additional information. It’s divided into small paragraphs.
9. Photo
They are used to make a text easier to understand or more interesting.
10. Caption
It used to describe a photograph. It is known as cutline in the US.
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Types of TV programs

12/14/2020

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Category: Topics in the syllabus
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TV program
A TV program, also called television show, is a segment of content intended for broadcast on television. 
Cartoon
A cartoon is a program that features animated characters.
Examples: ​The Simpsons, Dragon ball super, Naruto, Rick and Morty, Pokémon, The fairly oddparents & SpongeBob SquarePants.
Cookery
A TV program hosted by famous chefs, who teach people how to cook.
Examples: ​Iron chef & Celebrity cooking showdown.
Documentary
A documentary is a non-fictional program that documents real life events, usually created for educational purposes. 
Examples: ​The last dance, Rise of empires: Ottoman & Leaving Neverland.
Drama
A fictional or true story, featuring actors and actresses who are dealing with struggles of daily life. 
Examples: The crown & You.
Game show
A game show that features contestants who play competitive games or solve quizzes/ puzzles, usually for money.
Examples: ​Who wants to be a millionaire?, The secret password is… & Jeopardy​
Kids
TV programs produced for children.
Examples: ​Sesame street & Hannah Montana.
Makeover
A TV program that helps people change their image or lifestyle.
Examples: ​The biggest looser & Extreme makeover. 
News
A show that reports world events as they unfold. 
Examples: ​CNN News, CBS Evening News & 60 Minutes.
Reality show
A show with ordinary people, showing what they do in strange situations.
Examples: ​Big brother, Survivor, Keeping up with the Kardashians & The bachelor.​
Sitcom (Situation comedy)
An entertaining TV program with characters in different amusing (comical) situations.
Examples: ​Two and half men, The big bang theory, Modern family, Malcolm & Friends.​
Soap opera
It's a drama serie dealing typically with daily events in the lives of the same group of characters.
Examples: ​Maria la del barrio, Coronation street & The bold and the beautiful.
Sports
A TV program that features sports or sporting events. 
Examples: ​Super Bowl, Mexican Soccer League, Olympic games, World cup, Grand slam cup, Formula 1 & WWWE.​
Talk shows
A TV program in which various topics are discussed informally and guests or studio audience are invited to participate in the discussion.
Examples: ​The tonigh show, The Ellen DeGeneres show & The Opran Winfrey show. 
Travel
A TV program that features popular holiday destinations or travel reviews.
Examples: ​Gordon's great escape, Travel man & Race across the world.​
Wildlife program
A show about animals, plants, or other non-human living creatures and how they live. 
Examples: ​Planet Earth & The cocodrile hunter.
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Film genres

11/29/2020

1 Comment

 
Category: Topics in the syllabus
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Characteristics and examples of film genres
Action
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Characteristics:
  • ​The hero battles with villains - El héroe lucha con villanos.
  • It includes a lot of action like fights, car chases, stunts, rescues and escapes - Incluye mucha acción como peleas, persecuciones de autos, acrobacias, rescates y escapes.
  • It usually features superheroes - Por lo general, presenta superhéroes.
Examples:
Marvel movies, The fast and the furious, Superman, Transformers and James Bond.
Adventure
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Characteristics:
  • It features exciting stories in exotic, far away, or unfamiliar places -  Presenta historias emocionantes en lugares exóticos, lejanos o desconocidos.
  • The protagonist is in dangerous or risky situations - El protagonista se encuentra en situaciones peligrosas o de riesgo.
  • The protagonist save others from danger - El protagonista salva a otros del peligro.
  • The antagonists tend to be extremely evil - Los antagonistas tienden a ser extremadamente malvados.
  • It's usually built around a quest - Por lo general, se basa en una misión.
  • There are treasure hunts, expeditions, hidden maps and traps - Hay búsquedas del tesoro, expediciones, mapas ocultos y trampas.
Examples:
Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark, Lord of the rings, Pirates of Caribbean,  and Tomb raider.
Comedy
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Characteristics:
  • It's funny and entertaining - Es divertida y entretenida.
  • It makes the audience laugh - Hace reír a la audiencia.
  • The protagonists are usually in challenging, amusing, or humorous situations they're not prepared to handle - The protagonists are usually in challenging, amusing, or humorous situations they're not prepared to handle.
Examples:
You don't mess with the Zohan, Zoolander, Wedding crashers, Meet parents and There's something about Mary.
Drama
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Characteristics:
  • ​It features realistic characters, settings, stories, and real-life situations - Presenta personajes reales, escenarios, historias y situaciones de la vida real.
  • The characters deal with struggles of everyday life - Los personajes lidian con conflitos de la vida cotidiana.
Examples:
12 years a slave, Bridge of spies and Casablanca.
Horror
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Characteristics:
  • It's designed to frigthen and to invoke hidden fears - Está diseñado para asustar e invocar miedos ocultos.
  • Scary visuals and sound effects add elements of horror - Los efectos visuales y de sonido de miedo añaden elementos de terror.
  • There are supernatural beings such as haunted houses, ghosts, vampires, zombies, etc. - Hay seres sobrenaturales como casas encantadas, fantasmas, vampiros, zombies, etc.
Examples:
The exorcist, The ring, Bram Stoker's Dracula and The conjuring. 
Romance
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Characteristics:
  • ​Two characters fall in love, but face conflicts - Dos personajes se enamoran, pero enfrentan conflictos.
  • There's a happy period of time - Hay un período de tiempo feliz. 
Examples:
Titanic, Pretty woman and The notebook.
Science fiction
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Characteristics:
  • ​It's set in the future and there are some imaginary scientific developments - Está ambientado en el futuro y hay algunos desarrollos científicos imaginarios.
  • It features extraterrestrial lifeforms - Presenta formas de vida extraterrestres.
  • There are time travels, teleportations, mind control, space travels, and fictional worlds - Hay viajes en el tiempo, tele-transportaciones, control mental, viajes espaciales y mundos ficticios.
Examples:
Star wars, Star trek, Terminator, Maze runner, Ex Machina and The fifth element.
War
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Characteristics:
  • It ​features warfare, typically about naval, air, or land battles, with combat scenes - Presenta guerras, generalmente sobre batallas navales, aéreas o terrestres, con escenas de combate.
  • It includes battles that involve tanks, fighter planes, warships, firearms, and hand-to-hand combat - Incluye batallas que involucran tanques, aviones de combate, buques de guerra, armas de fuego y combate cuerpo a cuerpo.​
  • It explores the psychological aspects of war, including the mental strain that combat exerts on soldiers - Explora los aspectos psicológicos de la guerra, incluida la tensión mental que el combate ejerce sobre los soldados.
Examples:
Saving private Ryan, The thin red line, Platoon, Schindler's list and 1917.
Western
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Characteristics:
  • The main character is usually a cowboy or outlander armed with a revolver and a rifle who rides a horse - El personaje principal suele ser un vaquero o un forastero armado con un revólver y un rifle que monta a caballo.
Examples:
Tombstone, 3:10 to Yuma, Brokeback mountain, Django unchained, Unforgiven and Back to the future part III.
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