Category: Topics in the syllabus Vocabulary Verbs
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Category: Topics in the syllabus What is a dictionary entry? A dictionary entry is a set of information that describes a word or phrase. Parts of a bilingual entry dictionary Parts of a dictionary entry Headword A word or term that begins a separate entry in a reference work. In other words, it's the word you are looking for in a dictionary. For example: bank. Pronunciation A special spelling that shows how to say the entry word aloud. Part of speech (Abbreviation) How the entry word can be used in a sentence. Translation The meaning of the entry word in the target language. Example sentence It gives an example of the word's use in a sentence. Uses of a dictionary
Category: Topics in the syllabus What are stage directions? Stage directions are instructions in the script of a play that tell actors how to enter, where to stand, when to move, also information about the lighting, scenery, props, and sound effects. Stage directions give vital information for the action and relationships between people, things and places inside the play script. They also can be used to tell an actor how to shape his or her performance. Uses The stage directions are used to describe: a) The setting
b) How the character feels
c) How the character moves
d) How the character speaks
e) How the actors/actresses move on stage The cast are usually told where to go on stage by stage directions. The front of the stage, called downstage, is the end closest to the audience. The rear of the stage, called upstage, is behind the actor's back, furthest from the audience. There are 9 main sections in stage: They are often in abbreviated form. Here's what they mean:
Drama terms Act: One of the main divisions of a play.
Antagonist: A character, situation, feeling, idea, or thing that opposes the main character. Balcony: Area above the stage roof used for balcony scenes or for seating musicians or members of the audience. Cast: The actors and actresses in a play. Characters: People who take part in the story. Chorus: The chorus was a single person who recited a prologue. Dialogue: What the characters say in the play. Enter: Stage direction indicating the entrance onto the stage of a character or characters. Exit: Stage direction indicating the departure of a character from the stage. Monologue: A long dramatic speech by a single actor. Prologue: The introduction of a play. Protagonist: The main character. Scene: The part of an act that takes place in one location. Category: Topics in the syllabus What is a plot? Plot is a chain of connected events in a story and a sense of transformation or growth in the protagonists. It's a planned and logical series of events having a beginning, middle and end. Generally, there must be a cause-and-effect relationship between the events. Main parts of the plot All plots follow a logical organization with a beginning, middle, and end.
Beginning: The beginning of a story captures the audience’s attention, introduces the characters, setting, and the central conflict. Middle: In the middle of a plot are events that directly impact what happens next in the story. In other words, they introduce crisis points, obstacles, or various subplots along the way to maintain the audience’s interest. End: The end of a story brings about conclusion and resolution of the conflict, generally leaving the audience with a sense of satisfaction, value, and deeper understanding. There is a specific plot structure that most stories follow. In fact, there are six main plot parts: exposition, conflict, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution. 1. Exposition or Introduction The exposition is the introduction to the story. The characters and setting are introduced. The background information provided by exposition helps connect to the audience to the emotional stakes of the narrative. In Snow White, the queen is obsessed with being beautiful and consumed with jealousy over Snow White’s greater beauty. 2. Conflict The conflict is the primary problem that drives the plot of the story, often a main goal for the main character to achieve or overcome. The main character must fight against another person or group or against a non-human force such a storm. 3. Rising action In rising action, the story becomes complicated. The main character is in crisis and there are multiple moments of conflict that escalate and create tension. 4. Climax The climax is the peak of the action. At this point, the main character confront the big conflict. The most action, drama, change, and excitement occurs here. A choice must be made that will affect the rest of the story. 5. Falling action In falling action, the conflict that arose as a result of the climax can start being resolved. The story begins to slow down and complications begin to resolve. 6. Denouement or Resolution The resolution is the end of the story and it brings the story to its happy or tragic ending. The conflict from the climax has been resolved. There is a sense of finality and closure here, making the reader feel that there is nothing more they can learn or gain from the narrative. Plot of tale "Three little pigs" Exposition
Three little pigs leave home and build their houses. Conflict One day, a hungry wolf comes along. Rising actions
Climax The wolf decides to sneak down the chimney to get the pigs. Falling action The wolf falls into boiling pot of soup and gets burned. Resolution/Denouement
Category: Topics in the syllabus Learn how to analyze a poem is a complex task. Follow the following tips to improve your reading skills: Read the poem aloud The first thing you should do is reading the poem aloud. It will give a complete experience because the poems follow a particular rhythm. One of the traditional differences between regular literature and poetry is the use of rhythm. It's a way of conveying meaning. Recurring rhythms, rhymes or pronunciations often transform a poem into music. Read the title The title may give you some image or association to start with. The title should give you some ideas of the poem’s subject, tone, or genre. Identify the theme Poetry often conveys a message through figurative language. Theme is the personal opinion of the poet. Many poems have more than one theme, and they are closely related to the feelings the poet is trying to convey. Common themes in poetry
Analyze the language Word choice can tell you a lot about a poem as well. It creates the mood and tone of a poem. Scan the poem for words that aren’t familiar, circle them, and look them up. Write their meanings off to the side. If the definition you wrote down doesn’t make sense in the context of the poem, you might need to choose a different one. Think about the context The who, what, where, when, and why of a poem can help explain its purpose. Consider the historical and geographical context, such as the year and circumstances in which the poem was written.
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